مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، امرداد و شهریور 1392)

Aim and

High prevalence of borderline personality disorder and its harmful social، health and economic consequences highlights the importance of studying this disorder and its underlying factors. The present study aimed to investigating behavioral-brain systems of individuals with borderline disorder and its discriminative aspects of these systems in patients and healthy controls. Methods and Materials: Thus 30 patients who admitted to Razi Hospital (Tabriz، Iran)، completed the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)، behavioral activation system (BAS) questionnaire by Carver and White (BIS/BAS scales). Control group consisted of 30 subjects without any mental disorder history.

Results from multi-variant regression analysis showed that the two groups had statistically significant differences in BAS، BIS and sensation seeking scale (P < 0. 01). Among these factors، sensation seeking scale with Wilks’ lambda = 0. 42 and BAS with Wilks’ lambda = 0. 53 had statistically significant role in discrimination between the two groups.

Hyperactivity of BIS caused a permanent anxiety and negative emotions experienced by borderline patients and hyperactivity of BAS could be the underlying reason of impulsivity، which is the core component of borderline personality disorder. According to other studies in the field of bio-neural factors effects in development of borderline personality disorder، this study can help to improve our understanding of disorder and therefore help to improve developing accurate methods to predict the possibility of disorder. In addition، it will help us to develop methods for primary prevention and developing more effective therapy methods.

Aim and The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management on reducing anxiety، stress، and depression symptoms in head-family women under the coverage of Imam Khomeini''s Relief Committee. Methods and Materials: Forty subjects were selected using simple random sampling method and assigned into experimental and control groups. With a pre-test and post-test control group design، the subjects in the intervention group underwent 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral stress management training، but the control group did not. Both groups were evaluated using depression، anxiety، and stress scale in two assessment phases، and data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in pretest phase، but cognitive-behavioral stress management training، significantly decreased depression، anxiety، and stress scores in the experimental group. The cognitive behavioral stress management training could be an intervention program in target groups and general population under the coverage of Imam Khomeini''s Relief Committee counseling centers، and with reducing depression، anxiety، and stress symptoms led to reduction in client’s problems and enhancing productivity.

Aim and Researches in recent decades on the effect of attachment-based on relationship and parenting type of child’s caregiver have shown that parents’ parenting style and the quality of mother-child relationship have significant role in child’ anxiety formation. The present study aimed to review the effect of cognitive-behavioral education of mother-child relationship on reducing symptoms in children''s obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method and Materials: In a clinical trial، 30 mothers of 6 to 12-year-old children who have been diagnosed as OCD through the interview of psychotherapist and based on the criteria of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders، 4th edition، text revision (DSM-IV-TR)، were randomly selected divided into two experimental and control groups. Without the presence of children، the mothers in the intervention group participated in twelve 120-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral education. OCD Yale-Brown test was used to collect the data. The phases of pre-test، post-test، and follow-up showed a statistically significant difference for the intervention group. Accordingly، obsessive thought and behaviors are obvious in the intervention group for following domains: compulsive in resistance، discomfort and interference domains. In whole mentioned domains، cognitive-behavioral education of mother-child relation positively affected obsessive-compulsive symptoms of children.

Aim and It is essential to design a scale for the evaluation of aggressive attitudes and behaviors، and to investigate its outcomes and factors effective on. The aim of this research was the evaluation of reliability and validity of affective styles scale and the relation of its components with aggressive attitudes. Method and Materials: The validation and correlative research methods were used. A sample of 350 Bachelor’s students was selected from students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Sampling method used was quota sampling. The affective styles scale (ASQ) of Hofmann and Kashdan، and aggressive attitudes scale of Izenk- Wilson were completed by participants. The validity and reliability of affective styles scale were verified by Cronbach’s alpha، content and construct validity، CFA، and PCA. Results showed that the dominant affective style in students is emotional adjustment. Furthermore، results show that there was a statistically significant negative relation between concealment and aggression (r = -0. 11، P < 0. 05)، and emotional adjustment and aggressive attitudes (r = -0. 27، P < 0. 05). However، there was no significant relation between aggressive attitudes and emotional tolerance. Multiple regression analysis results showed that emotional self-regulating components can predict aggressive attitudes) P < 0. 01). Emotional self-regulating scale is valid and reliable for Iranian students. In addition، we can say that one of the factors related to aggressive attitudes is emotional style.

Aim and Chronic use of opiates has been associated with a wide range of cognitive deficits، involving domains of attention، inhibitory control، planning، decision-making، and memory. Therefore، the main aim of this research was the comparison of executive functions in heroin dependents and patients on methadone therapy with a control group. Method and Materials: The retrospective research method was used in the current study. Purposeful sampling method was used in methadone and heroin groups، but control group participants were selected randomly. Statistical population in this study consisted of heroin dependents and methadone users، in Isfahan city in 2012، who had been referred to medial، rehabilitation centers، and psychiatric clinics. Finally، 75 patients were selected in three groups [methadone (n = 25)، heroin (n = 25)، and control groups (n = 25)] according to the criteria of drug abuse or dependence in DSM-IV-TR. Then، they were evaluated based on the Tower of London and Stroop neuropsychological Tests. Results of analysis of variance show that the control group had a better performance in the Tower of London and Stroop tests in comparison with heroin dependents and methadone users groups (P ≤ 0. 05). However، there were no significant differences between heroin dependents and methadone users groups. Heroin dependency and methadone use، probably، causes prefrontal cortex and executive dysfunctions، and neurological disturbances in frontostriatal systems. According to these findings، we can design professional cognitive rehabilitation programs to rehabilitate patients in their personal، occupational، and social life.

Aim and Executive functions are the most important factors that influence students’ mathematics disorders. With the technological advances in the field of education it is possible to use a computer training program to evaluate and treat this disorder. Method and Materials: In this quasi-experimental research we selected 10 female elementary students of learning disorder centers in Tehran with mathematics disorder، and 10 normal students. The two groups were matched in age and intelligence. We tested all of the students with Key Math and executive functions tests. Students with mathematics disorders received the working memory training for 20 sessions in 7 weeks. Samples of these researches were retested using executive functions test. In order to compare the executive functions in students with and without mathematic disorders Student’s t-test was used to analyse data. There were differences between executive functions in students with and without mathematics disorder. Moreover، working memory training had a significant effect on the executive function of students with mathematics disorder. There were more significant difference in average in the math disorder group in comparison to the control group. In addition، there was a significant difference in effect of executive functions pre- and post-intervention، and in follow-up. The results of the current study showed that the working memory computer assisted program caused improvements in executive functions of students with mathematics disorders. Keywords: Executive functions، Mathematics disorder، Working memory computer assisted program

Aim and

Using a correlational method، the present research was done to study the inter-relations between early maladaptive schemas and five main factors of personality traits. Method and Materials: The statistical population consisted of bachelor’s، master’s، and doctoral degrees students of the University of Tehran from which a sample group of 200-subject (100 males and 100 females) was selected through available sampling method. Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and revised Five-Factor Inventory of personality (NEO-FFI) questionnaires were used as the tools of the study while Pearson correlation and canonical correlation tests were used for the data analysis.

The findings suggested that personality trait of neuroticism and maladaptive schema of abandonment/instability had the most prominent role in the first canonical root. Maladaptive schema of social isolation/alienation and personality trait of agreement، and maladaptive schema of mistrust/abuse and personality trait of conscientiousness had the most prominent role in the second and third canonical roots، respectively.

According to results، it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant convergence and overlap between the early maladaptive schemas and personality dimensions.

Head trauma and brain injury are common causes of emergency cases، and predispose multiple psychiatric complications. The head trauma، itself، often occurs after some psychiatric disorders، like mood or substance related disorders. So، the complex interaction of these factors often causes difficulties in diagnosis and management of the patients. The side effects of surgical and medical treatments may also entangles these processes. Here we presents the history of a young adult patient with this collection of factors، i. e.: head trauma، delirium، and substance use. Then we discuss about the differential diagnosis and management.